AUTISM

Make sure your research proposal adheres to the following structure:

• Title page
• Abstract (see APA guide for format)
• Introduction
• Literature Review
• Methodology
• Discussion and Conclusion
• References

In addition, each section should include the following information:

Abstract: An abstract is a summary of the paper. Review the abstracts of the articles used in your literature review for examples of detailed abstracts.

Introduction: .

Literature Review:  The literature review is not a copy of that material. Rather, it is a synthesis of the material you found into a cohesive review of the literature on your chosen topic. Make sure to include all the articles that you used in Weeks for your literature review.

Methodology: .

Discussion and Conclusion:

References: In this section, you should include all of the articles you collected for the literature review. In addition, take care to cite all the references in the APA format.

Running Head: VARIABLES

VARIABLES 5

Application of Different Kinds of Variables in a Research Project

Crystal Alston

South University

As learned in the previous class, there are different kinds of variables in a research set up. The different kinds of variables include; dependent variable, independent variable, moderator variables, control variables, intervening variables, and extraneous variables. The dependent variable in empirical research is a variable that relies on other factors that can be measured. The dependent variables change with effect from the other factors. When the independent variable is manipulated, there is a change in the result of dependent variables (Kaliyadan & Kulkarni 2019). The independent variable on the other hand is not influenced by other variables that are being measured. This is the course of research that is being intervened and is stable. Intervening variables describe the relationship between the dependent and independent variables in the research. They include teaching and learning in languages in the research topic.

The moderator variables modify the effects of intervening variables and are measured to determine their fate. The control variables are used to neutralize, balance, and eliminate the variables that are not measured in the research. The variables that are controlled in research are referred to as control variables. Extraneous variables are dangerous and damage the validity and nature of the study hence it is difficult to differentiate them from independent variables, moderator variables, and control variables. The discussion will take the course to look at an article on the, an empirical study analyzing job productivity in toxic workplace environments. The object of this research was to identify the effects of a toxic workplace environment on the productivity of an employee (Yang.et.al.). Organizations have focused on increasing profits and this is connected to the performance of employees. Employees work solemnly in a better environment with little disturbance. A toxic workplace is not conducive for employees and reduces their performance about the company’s performance.

The dependent variable in this empirical research project is job productivity. The productivity of a company depends on the work environment of that company. When the work environment is toxic, the employees will underperform thus resulting in low job productivity. In this research, the independent variable is the toxic work environment. And from our definition, an independent variable is stable and is not affected by other factors. The workplace environment is not affected by any factors but can affect very many variables including the productivity of the company. It is also known that dependent variables can be measured for example in this case; productivity is measured in revenue, sales amount, and profits. Independent variables on the other hand cannot be measured, for instance, you cannot measure a toxic working environment. The research project identifies the intervening variable which is the analysis. The analysis defines the relationship between the work environment and the productivity (Olsson 2018).

The strength of this relationship is referred to as the moderator variables and can either be weak or strong. The workplace environments include; job burnout, workplace harassment, and workplace bullying, toxic work environment, and work ostracism. All these are categorized under the independent variables and influence the job productivity. The methods used in this research include; survey design that was used in collecting quantitative data. Rigorous data analysis methods were used in testing the nature of the relationship concerning the mentioned variables. The relationship between toxic workplace environments and job productivity was measured genuinely and found to be moderate (Pandey 2020). The positivism paradigm was applied to determine the relationship in contemplation to questionnaires formed before the research. A systematic sampling technique was applied to help in determining the results of the study. The independent variable consists of the following subdivisions; harassment, incivility, bullying, and ostracism, and can controllably affect the productivity to a certain degree.

This study has identified several kinds of variables and the effects they have on each other. Just a reminder of what we learned that a viable project must portray both the independent and dependent variables for the research objectives to be set out. In this research, the objectives are; to determine whether a toxic environment harms the productivity of the company, to determine the toxic environmental symptoms that affect productivity, to identify the extent of productivity affected by the toxic environment, and to determine the relationship between the two variables (Pond & Caetano 2018). A toxic environment affects the productivity of a firm negatively. The methods used in data analysis include; regression analysis method, mediation analysis, descriptive analysis, and the measurement models. All these methods portray direct results to the research hypothesis. The methods determine a positive hypothesis of the research states that a toxic workplace environment affects the productivity of a firm.

In conclusion, the variables in research include; dependent variable, independent variable, moderator variables, control variables, intervening variables, and extraneous variables. The research focused on the article, an empirical study analyzing job productivity in toxic workplace environments whose objective was to identify the effects of a toxic workplace environment on the productivity of an employee (Pond & Caetano 2018). We also learned that a viable project must portray both the independent and dependent variables for the research objectives to be clear. To code these variables in a mini tab, first accept the terms and conditions of the license agreement, understand the minimum expectations to conduct the software, remove the expired software from the software and the code the variables according to their numbering.

References

Kaliyadan, F., & Kulkarni, V. (2019). Types of variables, descriptive statistics, and sample size. Indian dermatology online journal, 10(1), 82.

Olsson, M. (2018). Variables. In Java Quick Syntax Reference (pp. 7-11). Apress, Berkeley, CA.

Pandey, S. (2020). Types of variables in medical research. Journal of the Practice of Cardiovascular Sciences, 6(1), 4.

Pond, G. R., & Caetano, S. J. (2018). Types of Variables and Distributions. In Methods and Biostatistics in Oncology (pp. 23-35). Springer, Cham.

Valera, I., & Ghahramani, Z. (2017, July). Automatic discovery of the statistical types of variables in a dataset. In International Conference on Machine Learning (pp. 3521-3529).

Yang, X., Tong, Y., Meng, X., Zhao, S., Xu, Z., Li, Y., … & Tan, S. (2016, August). Adaptive logistic group Lasso method for predicting the no-reflow among the multiple types of high-dimensional variables with missing data. In 2016 7th IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering and Service Science (ACCESS) (pp. 1085-1089). IEEE.