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Contemporary Political Ideologies
Answer the following question
1- Name 4 universal Human Rights.
2- According to the 6 key features of democracy presented in class, is the country
you selected a strong democracy or not? Explain why or why not using 4 detailed
examples that related to the key features. List your sources. ( You can select any country except Canada).
800 words maximum
there have some resources can help you:
1: (ARTICLE) Which are the world’s strongest democracies?
World Economic Forum,
By Andrea Willige
Feb.2017
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/02/which-are-the-worlds-strongest-democracies/
2：What are the key features of Democracy? (VIDEO)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qi-getj3JX8
POLI -103 Contemporary political ideologies
Maryanne Cliche Mcliche@coquitlamcollege.com
• URL: https://c4.coquitlamcollege.com/
• COURSE NAME = POLI-103
• ENROLLMENT KEY =
ACCESS TO C4
• 1. INTRODUCTION • 2. RECAP • 3. DEMOCRACY • A) Origins & Definition • B) Evolution • C) 3 Conceptions of democracy • 4. HUMAN NATURE & FREEDOM • 5. HOMEWORK
PLAN FOR TODAY
HOMEWORK- FOLLOW-UP
1-What is a political ideology?
2- Where does it come from?
3- Why is the study of politics and
ideologies closely linked together?
RECAP
Why Contemporary
Ideologies?
• Ideas rule the world
• To help us understand ourselves & create our own beliefs
• To help us understand the world we live in
4 Functions of Ideologies
4 Functions
= Making sense of the world
4 Functions
= Evaluating social conditions
4 Functions
= Providing a sense of identity
4 Functions
= Linking ideas to actions
Ideologies and the conceptions of Human Nature & Freedom
= Every ideologies has a very specific beliefs about Human Nature and Freedom
Ideologies & Human Nature
E.g. What are humans capable of, how do they think and interact, are they inherently good or bad? Are they likely to be self-centered or will they rather put forward the interest of the group and the community?
Ideologies & Freedom
VAGENT GOAL OBSTACLE
Feminism & Freedom
V
WOMEN TO LIVE IN A SOCIETY THAT REWARDS THE CAPACITY OF WOMEN
SEXISM
AGENT OBSTACLE
GOAL
Challenges /Complexities
• 1. Dynamic concept
• 2. Other powerful ideas are not ideologies
• 3. Difficult to implement in reality
DEMOCRACY
WHAT IS DEMOCRACY – VIDEO
Greece in the 5th century BC
DEMOCRACY – ORIGINS
DEMOCRACY – ORIGINS
DEMOS = PEOPLE
KRATIA = TO RULE
Often referred to as : Government of the people, by the people
Roman Empire 27 BC-476 AD
Middle Ages 5th – 15th century
Renaissance 14th-17th century
American War of Independence 1776
Bill of rights 1791
French Revolution 1789-1799
Industrial revolution 1760-1840
The World Wars (1914-1918 and 1939-1945)
Cold War 1947-1991
DEMOCRACY – EVOLUTION
Often referred to as : Government of the people, by the people
THREE CONCEPTIONS OF
DEMOCRACY
1. Liberal democracy
1. Liberal democracy
= Liberal democracy is based on the recognition of individual rights and freedoms, in which decisions from direct or representative processes prevail in many policy areas.
Source: Collins dictionary online
2. Social democracy
2. Social democracy
= Social democracy is a ‘’political system according to which social justice and equality can be achieved within the framework of a market economy.’’
Source: Collins dictionary online
3. People’s democracy
3. People’s democracy
= ‘’A country or form of government in transition from bourgeois democracy to socialism. In this stage there is more than one class, the largest being the proletariat, led by the Communist Party, which is therefore the dominant power.’’
Source: Collins dictionary online
DEMOCRACY ON HUMAN NATURE &
FREEDOM
DEMOCRACY ON HUMAN NATURE
1. All humans are created equal
DEMOCRACY ON HUMAN NATURE
1. All humans are created equal
= Equality of opportunity and equality before the law
DEMOCRACY ON HUMAN NATURE
1. All humans are created equal
= Equality of opportunity and equality before the law
= Basic human rights such as the right to life, liberty, property, the pursuit of happiness and the right to vote
DEMOCRACY ON FREEDOM
1. Individual freedom is important (within the respect and boundaries of others’ individual freedom)
DEMOCRACY ON FREEDOM
All humans are created equal + Everyone has the right to freedom
= Everyone’s right to freedom is equal
DEMOCRACY – ORIGINS – VIDEO
HOMEWORK
1- Read Chapters 1-2 of your textbook
2- Consult all the resources on C4 and pay extra attention to the video on the origins of democracy
3- Identify 3 countries that have put in place a democratic regime over the past 50 years
4-Copy the definition of these words in your notebook: 1- Democracy 2-Rule of law 3-Governance 4- Constitution
POLI -103 Contemporary political ideologies
Maryanne Cliche Mcliche@coquitlamcollege.com
• 1. RECAP • 2. DIVING DEEPER INTO DEMOCRACY • A) Main Characteristics • B) Challenges/ Critics • 3. MODERN EXAMPLES & EXERCISE • 4. HOMEWORK
PLAN FOR TODAY
HOMEWORK- FOLLOW-UP
-Identify 3 countries that have put in place a democratic regime over the past 50 years
HOMEWORK- FOLLOW-UP 4-Copy the definition of these
words in your notebook: 1- Democracy 2-Rule of law 3-Governance 4- Constitution
RECAP
RECAP
Greece in the 5th century BC
RECAP – ORIGINS
DEMOS = PEOPLE
KRATIA = TO RULE
Often referred to as : Government of the people, by the people
RECAP – EVOLUTION
Often referred to as : Government of the people, by the people
THREE CONCEPTIONS OF DEMOCRACY
Liberal democracy
Social democracy
People’s democracy
1. Liberal democracy
2. Social democracy
3. People’s democracy
DEMOCRACY ON HUMAN NATURE
1. All humans are created equal
= Equality of opportunity and equality before the law
= Basic human rights such as the right to life, liberty, property, the pursuit of happiness and the right to vote
DEMOCRACY ON FREEDOM
All humans are created equal + Everyone has the right to freedom
= Everyone’s right to freedom is equal
WHAT ARE THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF DEMOCRACY?
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
One man, one vote Fair election
Supports human rights and equality
Need public participation
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
One man, one vote Fair election
Supports human rights and equality
Need public participation
The rule of law
The rule of law
Human rights are preserved by
1. Constitution or laws
2. International Conventions, treaties and organizations (UN)
= The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)
What are the key features of a democracy- VIDEO
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
• Righ to vote • Freedom of speech and assembly • Freedom of religion • Right to equality
• Righ to vote • Freedom of speech and assembly • Freedom of religion • Right to equality
1. Respect for human rights
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
2. Mutli-party system and political tolerance
• The ruling party is monitored by and debates with the opposition parties
• The ruling party is accountable to the people
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
2. Mutli-party system and political tolerance
• Acceptance and Respect of different views • The use of dialogue to resolve conflict
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
• Regular elections • Equal right to vote • Elections are free and fair • Majority rule
3. Democratic voting system
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
4. The rule of law
• The process to adopt laws is transparent, fair and efficient
• Laws are clear, publicized, stable and evenly applied
• All political decisions in accordance with the law
• Independent courts
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
5. Democratic Governance
• The separation of power • Checks and balances • Transparency • Responsiveness • Efficiency • Effectiveness • Accountability
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
6. Citizen participation6. Citizen participation • Participate freely in political life • Active citizens • Voting • Joining a political party
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
1. Respect for human rights
2. Multi-party system and political tolerance
3. Democratic voting system
4. The rule of law
5. Democratic governance (or the separation of power)
6. Citizen participation
CHALLENGES/CRITICS
1. Majority rule, minority rights
2. In the very definition of democracy
WHO?
CHALLENGES
2. In the very definition of democracy
WHO AND HOW?
3.The influence of money
4. The democratic ideal can be difficult to define and implement in reality
MODERN EXAMPLES & EXERCISE
EXAMPLE: DOES CANADA RESPECT THE 6 KEY FEATURES OF DEMOCRACY?
1.Does it respect the human rights?
“In Canada, human rights are protected by federal, provincial and territorial laws. The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms of 1982 is part of Canada’s Constitution.”
Source: https://www.chrc-ccdp.gc.ca/eng/content/how-are-human- rights-protected-canada
2.Does it have a multi-party system
“For the first half-century after Confederation, Canada had a two-party system, now at the federal level it has 5 main parties ; the Conservatives, the Liberals, the NDP, the Bloc Quebecois, the Green party.”
Source: The Canadian encyclopedia http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/party-system/
3. Does it have a democratic voting system?
“In Canada, the voter casts a single vote and the candidate with the greatest number of votes is elected and the Constitution Act, 1982 requires that no more than five years pass between elections. (…) The right to vote, or the franchise, is widely distributed in Canada. With very few exceptions, all Canadian citizens over 18 can vote.”
Source: The Canadian encyclopedia http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/party-system
4. Does it apply the rule of law?
“In Canada, we are said to be ruled by law, not by those who enforce the law or wield government power. No one in Canada is above the law. Everyone, no matter how wealthy or how powerful they are, must obey the law or face the consequences.”
Source: Canadian Superior courts Judges Association http://www.cscja-acjcs.ca/rule_of_law-en.asp?l=4
5. Does it apply democratic governance?
“Three branches work together to govern Canada: the executive, legislative and judicial branches. The executive branch (also called the Government) is the decision-making branch, made up of the Monarch(represented by the Governor General), the Prime Minister, and the Cabinet. The legislative branch is the law-making branch, made up of the appointed Senate and the elected House of Commons. The judicial branch is a series of independent courts that interpret the laws passed by the other two branches.”
Source: https://lop.parl.ca/About/Parliament/Education/OurCountryOurParliament/html_booklet/overvi
ew-canadian-parliamentary-system-e.html/
6. Does it respect citizen participation?
“In Canada, freedom of association, free speech and the right to participate in the political process are guaranteed by law. The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms explicitly recognizes four fundamental freedoms: (a) freedom of conscience and religion; (b) freedom of thought, belief, opinion and expression, including freedom of the press and other media of communication; (c) freedom of peaceful assembly; and (d) freedom of association.(…) In 2013, nearly two in three Canadians were members or participants in a group, organization or association”
Source: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/89-652-x/89-652-x2015006-eng.htm
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
1. Respect for human rights
2. Mutli-party system and political tolerance
3. Democratic voting system
4. The rule of law 5. Democratic governance (or the
separation of power)
6. Citizen participation
HOMEWORK
1- Finish reading Chapters 1-2 of your textbook
2- Read the UN Declaration of Human Rights on C4. Name 4 universal Human Rights.
3- Analyze the country you picked previously. Answer the question;
According to the 6 key features of democracy, is it a strong democracy or not? (use the resources on C4 to support your research ).
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Preamble
Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable
rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice
and peace in the world,
Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous
acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world
in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom
from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common
people,
Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last
resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be
protected by the rule of law,
Whereas it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between
nations,
Whereas the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed their
faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person
and in the equal rights of men and women and have determined to promote
social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom,
Whereas Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in cooperation
with the United Nations, the promotion of universal respect for and observance of
human rights and fundamental freedoms,
Whereas a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the
greatest importance for the full realization of this pledge,
Now, therefore,
The General Assembly,
Proclaims this Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a common standard of
achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and
every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by
teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by
progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and
effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States
themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction.
Article I
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are
endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a
spirit of brotherhood.
Article 2
Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration,
without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion,
political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.
Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political,
jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person
belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other
limitation of sovereignty.
Article 3
Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.
Article 4
No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be
prohibited in all their forms.
Article 5
No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment
or punishment.
Article 6
Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law.
Article 7
All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal
protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any
discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such
discrimination.
Article 8
Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals
for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law.
Article 9
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.
Article 10
Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent
and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any
criminal charge against him.
Article 11
1. Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed
innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he
has had all the guarantees necessary for his defence.
2. No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any act or
omission which did not constitute a penal offence, under national or
international law, at the time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier
penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the penal
offence was committed.
Article 12
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home
or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has
the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.
Article 13
1. Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the
borders of each State.
2. Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to
return to his country.
Article 14
1. Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from
persecution.
2. This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely
arising from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and
principles of the United Nations.
Article 15
1. Everyone has the right to a nationality.
2. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to
change his nationality.
Article 16
1. Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality
or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled
to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution.
2. Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the
intending spouses.
3. The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is
entitled to protection by society and the State.
Article 17
1. Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with
others.
2. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.
Article 18
Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right
includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in
community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in
teaching, practice, worship and observance.
Article 19
Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes
freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart
information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.
Article 20
1. Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association.
2. No one may be compelled to belong to an association.
Article 21
1. Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country,
directly or through freely chosen representatives.
2. Everyone has the right to equal access to public service in his country.
3. The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government;
this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall
be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by
equivalent free voting procedures.
Article 22
Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled
to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in
accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic,
social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development
of his personality.
Article 23
1. Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and
favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment.
2. Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal
work.
3. Everyone who works has the right to just and favourable remuneration
ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity,
and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection.
4. Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of
his interests.
Article 24
Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of
working hours and periodic holidays with pay.
Article 25
1. Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and
well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing
and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security
in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or
other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control.
2. Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All
children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social
protection.
Article 26
1. Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the
elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be
compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made
generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all
on the basis of merit.
2. Education shall be directed to the full development of the human
personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and
fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and
friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further
the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace.
3. Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be
given to their children.
Article 27
1. Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the
community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and
its benefits.
2. Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests
resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the
author.
Article 28
Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and
freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized.
Article 29
1. Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full
development of his personality is possible.
2. In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be subject only
to such limitations as are determined by law solely for the purpose of
securing due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others
and of meeting the just requirements of morality, public order and the
general welfare in a democratic society.
3. These rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised contrary to the
purposes and principles of the United Nations.
Article 30
Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or
person any right to engage in any activity or to perform any act aimed at the
destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein.
- Universal Declaration of Human Rights
- Preamble
- Article I
- Article 2
- Article 3
- Article 4
- Article 5
- Article 6
- Article 7
- Article 8
- Article 9
- Article 10
- Article 11
- Article 12
- Article 13
- Article 14
- Article 15
- Article 16
- Article 17
- Article 18
- Article 19
- Article 20
- Article 21
- Article 22
- Article 23
- Article 24
- Article 25
- Article 26
- Article 27
- Article 28
- Article 29
- Article 30
