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Annotated Bibliography
Bellis, Fiona. “Tour Operators should Tell Clients about Potential Risks of Adventure Holidays.” BMJ : British Medical Journal, vol. 324, no. 7344, 2002, pp. 1040. ProQuest, http://ezproxy.fhda.edu/login?url=https://ezproxy.fhda.edu:2187/docview/1777607282?accountid=38235, doi:http://ezproxy.fhda.edu:2096/10.1136/bmj.324.7344.1040/a.
During an adventure, an adventurer looks forward to different skills depending on their experience before and the nature of options available. The authors provide compelling reasons why tour operators ought to give enough information to their clients regarding the risks that they may experience during the adventure holidays. Many of the tour operators today are offering adventure holidays in regions that are remote and mountainous. These areas have high attitudes and individuals can be prone to risk of diseases. Unfortunately, local medical facilities are scarce and would rely on doctors taking holiday for help. The author of the article writes it based on personal experience which makes it more appropriate for the study in terms of risks which adventurers are likely to face.
The source is beneficial to my research because it expounds on some of the risks that are faced by adventurers when on holiday. The article supports the need for adventurers to be aware of risks they seek before engaging in the journey. Knowing risks of the environment is critical in making decisions on the appropriateness of the adventure.
There is possibility of tourists arriving in a destination without knowledge of lack of medical facilities or environmental risks if the travel companies did not inform them. The locally guides might only focus on providing the adventurer their best holiday experience. Unfortunately, they can give less attention to provision of medical intervention or the best safety measures (p.1).
“We, as a profession, should take a leading role in persuading travel companies to give their clients detailed information of the potential health risks of travel so that they can make informed decisions about whether to visit these destinations. Adherence to standards of best medical and safety practice to prevent acute mountain sickness and other conditions should be mandatory for tour operators (p.1).”
“Acute mountain sickness is common and when inappropriately treated potentially fatal (p.1).”
“In one case basic rules of mountaineering had been ignored, and in the other a considerable delay occurred until the correct treatment of acute mountain sickness—descent—was started; this delay was for fear of disrupting the group’s itinerary (p.1).”

Waner, S. (1999). Health risks of travelers in south africa. Journal of Travel Medicine, 6(3), 199. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.fhda.edu/login?url=https://ezproxy.fhda.edu:2187/docview/233347957?accountid=38235
The article provides for the different health risks that adventurers visiting South Africa can face. There are many tourists who arrive in SA annually for different adventure reasons. These adventurers are increased risk of getting infectious diseases such as Rabies, sexually transmitted diseases, food and waterborne diseases or Malaria depending on the location of the adventure. Nonetheless, while these risks occur, only a few cases are reported. Some of the areas visited include Durban, Johannesburg, and Cape Town.
The article is helpful to the research for a number of reasons. First, it provides information on some of the risks which an adventure that is thrilling can attract. Secondly, the authors relied on past studies to demonstrate the risks that adventurers can face. More and detailed information is provided on a number of infectious diseases.
After the apartheid was abolished in South Africa, the country has been regarded inexpensive for providing adventure destinations of high quality. In the year 1997, there were more than five million travelers who had visited SA from different nations around the globe (p.199).
“The high risk areas are the Northern and Eastern border areas, which indicates the importance imported malaria (p. 199).” “South Africa is known to be endemic for sexually transmitted diseases including HIV, hepatitis B, syphilis, gonorrhea (p. 202).”
“Travelers should be counseled to observe food and water sanitation when traveling to the rural areas (p.202).”
Bredeloup, Sylvie. “The figure of the adventurer as an African migrant.” Journal of African cultural studies 25.2 (2013): 170-182.
The author seeks to explain some of the preconceived notions such as Africa migration is only determined by danger and misery. The departure of some Africans is not purely because of conflicts, political instability, or pressures caused by demography. Personal motivations are sometimes critical in influencing individuals to go on an adventure. Going across the Sahara is a significant adventure for many migrants. Many risks are faced in such a journey.
The article will be useful because of the wide range of information provided. It will provide information on why people seek to go on an adventure. Often people go for adventure because of personal ambition. On the other hand, at times it is due to forced circumstances such as unending conflicts. The author provides an in-depth analysis of adventure from an African perspective. The description of the adventures taken is accurate and thrilling. For many migrants in Western countries they can easily relate.
Adventures have to end just as they had a beginning. An individual ends the adventure in similar ways the begun it (p. 178). The migration by Africans is not entirely because of danger and misery (p.170). Decisions to leave could lead to an urge of changing the lifestyle, exploration of lands that are far-off imaginary or real or develop new life methods (p.170).
“The figure of the adventurer obviously tends to be extremely heterogeneous. African adventure started far before European colonization in the time of the first pilgrimages. But today in Africa, the economic crisis, accompanied by a series of adapting structural policies, deeply shattered the usual representations of adventure.”
“Personal ambition is an important catalyst compelling the more intrepid to hit the road (p.170).”
“The migratory adventure is not only synonymous with a departure abroad – close or distant; it is also similar to a moral experience which is tightly correlated with risk or intensity of life (p. 170).”

Moore, Colin, Christopher Batin, and John Snow. “Adventures.” Outdoor Life. 213.4 (2006). Print.
Much has changed in Tunica County to the extent that Nash Buckingham can recognize some of the areas that he was describing along the Mississippi Delta. The Memphis writer established the area as a wonderland for upland bird hunters and had vast fields of cotton. However, today much of the land is covered with hotels and casinos. Nonetheless, for the modern adventurers who like fishing and hunting, it would still be a perfect place.
The short article will be very helpful in the research as it describes elements that appeal for an adventurer. The authors provide two different perspectives. A historical perspective based on a history writer and a present perspective appropriate for modern adventurers.
The legalization of casino gambling was made in 1990 within the state. After this, northern Mississippi became a gamblers mecca but without changing opportunities related to fishing and hunting that made Buckingham famous (n.p).
“The quail hunt took place at Fitch Farms near Holly Springs, about an hour’s drive from Tunica. There, visiting hunters can choose between walking over the rolling hills behind dogs and handlers or riding from point to point on an old-fashioned Southern quail hunt, complete with a dog wagon pulled by a team of mules (n.p).”

Rosenstone, Robert A. “Adventures of a Postmodern Historian – Japan.” Rethinking History, vol. 20, no. 1, Mar. 2016, pp. 2-38.
The article provides detailed information on the adventures of a postmodern historian-Japan. The author has experience in adventures and goes to Japan to discover what has changed over the years while teaching. The article has rich history on Asia and Japan which gives any adventure the urge to explore this part of the world. The chronology of events is well matched with the changes in physical buildings, and arts among other features the author describes.
The information provide will be useful for the research. The author shows that there are many reasons why people can undertake an adventure. The article provides an overview of how an adventure can be described in writing.
“After 1945 you didn’t hear much about Japan. Particularly if, like me, your family moved from Montreal to Los Angeles, you were entering your teens, and beginning to recognize that the differences between boys and girls were kind of cool and rather time-consuming.”

Works Cited
Bellis, Fiona. “Tour Operators should Tell Clients about Potential Risks of Adventure Holidays.” BMJ : British Medical Journal, vol. 324, no. 7344, 2002, pp. 1040. ProQuest, http://ezproxy.fhda.edu/login?url=https://ezproxy.fhda.edu:2187/docview/1777607282?accountid=38235, doi:http://ezproxy.fhda.edu:2096/10.1136/bmj.324.7344.1040/a.
Bredeloup, Sylvie. “The figure of the adventurer as an African migrant.” Journal of African cultural studies 25.2 (2013): 170-182.
Moore, Colin, Christopher Batin, and John Snow. “Adventures.” Outdoor Life. 213.4 (2006). Print.
Rosenstone, Robert A. “Adventures of a Postmodern Historian – Japan.” Rethinking History, vol. 20, no. 1, Mar. 2016, pp. 2-38.
Waner, S. (1999). Health risks of travelers in south africa. Journal of Travel Medicine, 6(3), 199. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.fhda.edu/login?url=https://ezproxy.fhda.edu:2187/docview/233347957?accountid=38235