Abstract
The aviation industry has stood the test of time since it started ages ago. Over the years, various milestones have been achieved in the process of making the dream of flying a reality. The journey of envisioning the achievements so far has not been simple as some people had to pay the optimal price in order to make substantial contributions to the aviation field. There are numerous uncelebrated heroes whose concerted and selfless efforts contributed to a number of discoveries that helped clear any doubts on the capacity to fly. Tackling this task would enable us consults with different accounts of individuals who left legacies in the aviation field and at the same time endeavor to unravel the progress that has been merited in aviation right from the annals of history as posited by various materials obtained from the varied sources. Among items that have been explained in this report paper, include definition of aviation and its history, services in the aviation industry, competition and success factors of the sector, political influence and information about the Oman aviation sector among others.
Keywords: Aviation, fuselage, flight, streamline, scheduled flight.

A to Z about Aviation
Introduction
According to the English dictionary, aviation is a term derived from the Latin prefix “avis” which denotes the bird and the joined to the suffix “-ation” which means a process or a reaction. This is a definition also provided by Cassard (2008) in his book; Brittany History Dictionary. Nonetheless, aviation can be defined differently depending on the source referred. What remains common among the definitions is that aviation is the aspect of designing, maintaining, producing and/or flying their aircraft. In addition, aviation can be referred to as the process of producing and designing aircraft for commercial production purposes. Aviation can be embraced to mean the process of ferrying goods and people by aircraft. At times, aviation is also known as the science or art of flying aircraft. There is a plethora of aviation terms that were coined by various individuals in the industry that are noteworthy. The typologies form the core building blocks of the aviation industry since they enhance the communication process which is very crucial in any setup (Plos, Vittek & Jeřábek, 2014).

History of Aviation
The concept of aviation cropped up over a duration of more than 2000 years ago as noted by Crouch, (2004) who traces the earliest forms of aviation to be attempts to jump from towers to powered hypersonic or supersonic heavier-than-air jets and the use of kites. The deployment of kite-flying has been found in the Chinese repositories whereby the activity began over many past years BC before spreading across the world (Crouch, 2004). Such events marked the first man-made activity that analogized the success of aviation process.
According to Crouch, (2004) Leonardo da Vinci dreamt of making a flight a reality via the numerous rational but scientifically unsubstantiated designs in the 15th Century. However, Da Vinci did not endeavor to construct the designs models he conceived at that time. Crouch, (2004) notes that the discovery of hydrogen gas that transpired in the 18th Century culminated in the innovation of the Hydrogen Balloon. The occurrence coincided with the period when the Montgolfier Brothers devised the hot-air balloon which facilitated the process of conducting manned flights. The foundation of modern aerodynamics sprouted from the mechanics and theories that originated from physicists of that contemporary society such as Newton’s Laws of Motion and the Fluid Dynamics that were backed by Sir George Cayley. Tethered and free-flying balloons were implemented in military missions at the end of the 18th Century (Paramonov & Tretyakov, 2012). The French government initiated the balloon companies at the time of the French Revolution as noted by Hallion, (2003) who also states that in Britain balloons were a popular sport in early 1900s. These balloons were owned privately and to lift them they used coal gas. Coal gas had only half the power that balloons using hydrogen had which meant that they were larger. Nonetheless, the availability of coal gas was more.
Early beginnings of Aviation
The history of the aviation industry can be described to have evolved using categories that include the early beginnings, lighter than air, and heavier than air. The early beginnings consisted of individuals regarded as the early legends of human flight (Warner, & Warner, 2013). There are accounts bequeathed to every generation that underpinned historical legends who tied bird-like wings and then stiffened their cloaks. There were individuals who tried to fly jump from a tower such as the Greek Icarus and Daedalus who were portrayed as people with an iron determination to fly (Warner, & Warner, 2013). The progress they made despite the sudden calamity that befell them which led to their feathers falling off became a rich source of stimulus for innovation. Similar series of stories could be obtained from the Chinese, Indian, and European setups superimpose the concept. The mechanics of stability, lift, and control was not fully understood by the people then. The individuals who dared to attempt verifying the concept ended up sustaining injuries or worse still, death. The earliest account about tower jump in the European medieval history is dated 852 AD. According to Thompson, & Slader, (2018) Armen Firman is said to have covered his body with vulture feathers and attached a pair of wings to his body and then jumped off a tower in Cordoba, Spain. The Eilmer Malmesbury followed the incident. The various cases inspired Albrecht Berblinger to construct an ornithopter (DeLaurier, 1993). The ornithopter was made drawing the analogy from the nature of birds. Albrecht then plunged into Ulm’s Danube.
Lighter than Air
The beginning era would later be followed by the lighter than air era which was characterized by modern day aviation in 1783 after the Montgolfier brothers were involved in first untethered air balloon. The concept of the air balloons could be traced first from the Chinese when they implemented the principle of the sky lantern to a tiny hot-air balloon (Temple, Needham, & Biochemiker, 2007). The sky lantern was composed of a balloon made of paper in the inside or the outside where one can place a small lamp. The lamp heated the surrounding air which expanding and hence exacerbating an upward vertical thrust that results in the rise of the gadget. The sky lantern has been in existence in China from the 3rd BC. The idea was employed during recreational and festive sessions as a way of merrymaking. Some isolated case of military use attributed to the occasion when Zhuge Liong who was a Chinese used the gadget to scare away enemy troops. The Chinese solved aerial problems of navigation via balloon use before the eighteenth century.
Other personalities regarded as legends of the aviation industry are Leonardo da Vinci whose rudimentary designs remained unknown until they came into effect in 1797 (Hart, 1963). What this means is that Da Vinci ideas had an insignificant impact on the developments of the aircraft in over a duration of 300 years. Da Vinci embarked on the study about the mechanism of flight in birds, he drew a critical analysis of the deductions he made and then anticipated other numerous hydraulic principles as explained by Hart, (1963). Da Vinci had a concrete idea that the body offered a resistance that was equal in magnitude to the resistance that was caused by the air. Isaac Newton later published the Third Law of Motion in 1687 which a strong linkage to the concept. Leonardo wrote massively and sketched numerous designs about flying machines in the remaining years before the end of the 15th century which included the ornithopter, rotorcraft, fixed-wing gliders, and the parachutes as described by Giacomelli, (1930). The designs were supposed to be powered by men such as the one for rotorcraft and the ornithopter but then he realized that the concept was impracticable in a normal life setup (Gaździńska, Gałązkowski, Jagielski & Wyleżoł, 2017). That is the time when he resorted to employing a string to power the controlled gliding.
Heavier than Air
This stage was followed by the heavier than air which is the stage that paved way for development of the modern airplane. 1st Modern Aircraft With Sir George Cayley George Cayley happened to be the “Father” of the Current aircraft. He was dubbed the “Father of the Aeroplane in the year 1846. Cayley conducted a rigorous study of the physics of flight and then integrated the same knowledge in the designing of the first and new heavier-than-air aircraft. The contributions of Cayley are insurmountable and vital towards the modern Aircraft. Cayley’s contributions are clarification of the concepts and the establishment of the working principles of the heavier-than-air aircraft, achieving the ultimate and absolute understanding of the flight in birds, conduction of aerodynamic scientific-practical experiments that illustrated the drag and streamline concepts, the center of pressure movement, the increment of the lift effect due to the curving of the surface of the wing, definition of the modern aircraft, the fixed-wing configuration, fuselage and tail assembly, demonstrating the gliding flight that is manned, and defining and illustrating the concept of the power-to-weight ratio that facilitates flight sustenance. Cayley patriated in the study of the basic science entailing the lift effect due to the use of the whirling arm test rig involved in aircraft research and using simple models of aerodynamics on the arm. Cayley never tried to fly an entire model in order to verify such concepts. Cayley set the concept of the modern airplane down in 1799 as a fixed-wing machine capable of flying with isolated systems for purposes of lift effect, control, and propulsion. Cayley devised a glider model in 1804 that was the very first modern heavier-than-air flying gadget. The gliding model had a layout that is a replica of the modern aircraft whereby there was a wing that was inclined towards the front. The tail could be adjusted at the back. The gadget had both the fin and the tailplane. The center of gravity of the gliding model could be adjusted via the moveable weight adjustment. Cayley made an identification of the four vector forces that affect the aircraft such as thrust, drag, lift, and weight. The distinction between the control and stability of the aircraft was made in his designs. Sir Cayley described and identifiedthe significance of the cambered aerofoil, diagonal bracing, dihedral, drag reduction, and contribution to the design and understanding ofthe ornithopters, and parachutes. Cayley formed a glider which assumed the shape of a triplane which was safe and large enough to carry a child in 1848. Sir Cayley invented a motor that was rubber-powered and in 1808 he had managed to undertake the reinvention of the wheel by having devised the tension-spoked wheel on which an entire load of compression was borne by the rim.

Overview about Aviation
Francesco Lena de Terzi published a piece of work in 1670 that gave a suggestion that it was possible for a flight of an aircraft that is lighter than air as a result of using copper foil spheres that contain a vacuum. The presence of the vacuum would make the object to be lighter than the displaced air which provides the capacity to lift the airship. The design that he provided was not feasible because the pressure from the surrounding air has the capacity to crush the spheres. The notion of employing a vacuum to cause the upward thrust “airship lift” is termed vacuum airship. The concept was not practicable in the status of events then since the materials available could not support that mission. Bartolomeu de Gusmao petitioned the government of King John V of Portugal in 1709 whereby he implored the government to support his bid for his airship invention. Gusmao conveyed the message with confidence that he could make it but the scheduled test for the gadget could not happen as planned on June 24, 1709. There is sufficient information derived from the contemporary reports that Gusmao numerous less ambitious practical experiments with the machine and hence descended from the eminences. Gusmao was focusing on his principle in a particular public exhibition when he presented the project before the court on August 8, 1709, that was conducted in the hall of Casa da India at Lisbon in Portugal. The greatest demonstration that he made was that he managed to propel a ball to the roof via combustion.
1783 became the watershed year for the birth and proliferation of the ballooningan aviation concepts. The most productive period in the aviation realms occurred from June 4 to December 1, 1783.There was a perfect demonstration from the Montgolfier brothers about their unmanned hot-air balloon on June 4, 1783,that was conducted at Annonay’ in France. The Robert brothers and Jacques Charles launched the very first unmanned balloon that was filled with hydrogen on August 27, 1783, whose rendezvous was at Champ de Mars in Paris. Montgolfier brothers managed to launch the 1st flight that was manned on October 19, 1783. The tethered balloon harbored humans onboard at Folie Titon based in France.The aviators who were onboard the flight were the Manufacture Manager Jean Baptiste Reveillon, Scientist Jean Francois Pilatre de Rozier, and Giroud de Villette.Later on November 21,1783, the Montgolfier brothers launched the first free flight that carried human passengers. King Louis XVI had previously released a decree that demanded that condemned convicts to the initial pilots. The petition filed by Marquis Francis d’Arlandesand Jean Francois Pilatre de Rozier succeeded since they were allowed to be the first pilots for the particular flight. The two drifted for a distance of 8 Km when they in a wood fire powered balloon. Nicolas Louis Robert together with Jacques Charles used their hydrogen balloon based at their Jordin des Tuileries in Paris. There was a population of 400,000 people spectating at the time. The balloon for a height of 550 meters and later landed in Nesles-la-Vallee after a flight lasting two hours and five minutes. The flight covered a distance of 36 kilometers. Robert alighted while Charles continued with the process alone. Charles’ ascent was very rapid until he reached an altitude of roughly 3000 meters where he managed to view the sun again. Robert experiences extreme scalding in the ears due to the heavy radiations from the sun until he decided never to continue with the flight adventure. Ballooning raged in Europe in the fall of the 18th Century whereby a detailed understanding of the connection between height and the atmosphere was given for the very first time in the process. The balloons that could not be steered were employed in the civil war in which America participated whereby the Union Army Balloon Corps. The youthful Ferdinand Von Zeppelin flew first as a balloon for carrying passengers with the Union Army in 1863 at the Potomac.Ballooning became a popular sport in Europe in the early 1900s where private balloons that consumed coal-gas for the lifting process were employed. Coal-gas has the capacity equivalent to the power of lifting by hydrogen gas. The balloon had to be a little bit larger in order and coal was ubiquitous that is why it was popular in that particular duration.
Types of Aviation Services
Civil aviation
All the flights that are scheduled except the military-related services are classified under civil aviation. Both business and private travel schedules fall under this category. Itineraries and timings of flights are booked in advance and then the time of departure and arrival followed to the letter. Today, globally, there are five major manufacturers of aircrafts in used in the civil transport and includes Airbus which has its headquarters in Europe, Boeing that is in the United States, United Aircraft Corporation in Russia, Embraer in Canada, and Bombardier in Canada.
General Aviation
All the aviation services that are not scheduled are classified under general aviation. The flight itineraries that are under schedule can be changed according to particular prevailing conditions. The tickets offered in the category are relatively cheap. The charter flights air patrolling, pilot training air ambulance and gliding are placed in the class. The regulation of aviation differs from country to country often depending on whether it is commercial or private and also considers the type of equipment. The general aviation market is largely served by manufacturers of small aircrafts having their focus on flight training and private aviation. Among the recent developments facing the small aircrafts is the introduction of advanced avionics that includes GPS which were only preserved for airliners that were large.
Military Aviation
All the aircraft that undertake any military activity are classified under military aviation. Such facilities are employed during the warfare whereby one faction is combating another due to some conflict between different parties. The aircraft could be used in the ferrying of ammunition and arms to the battlefield in the fastest manner possible. The same services can be the aspect of doing air surveillance to quell some conflict or ensuring security prevail. Bombers are deployed in the process of dropping bombs and other missiles during heavy combat gear. The aircraft aim at particular fixed targets. Unmanned airplanes, drones, and surveillance aircraft are engaged in surveillance. The aircraft could be employed in the process of transporting the military paraphernalia and other wares that are used by the arm in the field. The air ambulances are put into use during the transfer of the casualties from the battlefield to medical facilities (Gibson, 2014). The aircraft ambulances may also be utilized in the distribution of humanitarian aid such as foodstuff and also undertake rescue missions in disaster-struck areas.
The aviation services that are accorded to individuals traveling from one continent to another are numerous as described below. First, people are provided with intracontinental services which describe aviation services that are given to individuals traversing from one state to another on the same continent is covered in this category. Secondly there is the domestic flights that are accorded to people moving from one region to another in the same state or province region wise. The third service includes the region flights which are flights from one region to another. Another service common in the aviation industry is direct and indirect employment. Direct employment refers to the aspect of the aviation industry employing various people in the a variety of aviation departments such as cabin crew, engineer, steward, and pilots. On the other hand, indirect employment refers to employment in the aviation industry through numerous companies that are complementary to the Aviation industry such as spare part industry, catering industry, hotel industry, tourism industry, and fuel industries via the supplies that are made. For example, according to the current statistics, the United States aviation industry employs approximately 582,240 workers cutting across 18 major carriers. Consequently, globally, the numbers of employees in the aviation industry with direct and indirect jobs alone are estimated to be 62.7 million. Directly alone, the number of workers in the industry are estimated to be 9.9 million the biggest employer being the airlines and other business supporting the operators such as immigration, customs, catering, and freight forwarders among others.
Another service common and associated with the aviation industry is the freight transport. The aviation industry plays a vital role in transporting various goods to the various parts of the world. The cargo aircraft participate in the large part of this business. Apart from this, the aviation boosts the fuel industry since the industry accounts for about 211 billion dollars for the aircraft fueling.
Competition in the Aviation Industry
The competition in the aviation industry would start from the 1970s. Before then, most of the airlines were flag carriers which meant that they got their sponsorship from the government and hence largely protected from competition. However, the emergence of open skies agreements increased competition within the industry. At the same time, the choice for consumers increased. More competition among airlines meant that prices for passengers and cargo decreased. Therefore, while the competition has been healthy, sometimes it has a negative impact on the various stakeholders involved since it engages various countries situated in different geographical regions. A combination of low fares, high fuel prices and salaries, in addition to crisis such as the attacks of September 11, 2001 in the United States and the SARS epidemic have made some older airlines find competition too stiff resulting into mergers, bankruptcy and at times government bailouts. Stiff competition has also seen the emergence of low cost carriers such as Southwest, WestJet and Ryanair which are flourishing (Oliveira, & Oliveira, 2018). The well-pronounced type of competition is between manufacturers of the various aircraft required for dissimilar needs. The &-series of the Boeing Company which is based in the US and the European Aeronautic Defense Space Company which produces the Airbus products tend to dominate the market. Often, competition within the industry increases when there is entry of new airlines in the market or when airlines that exist seek to expand their services to new regions and markets. The intensive competition in the industry is associated to the fact that switching cost for consumers is considered low. While there are loyalty programs, they are less useful in customer retention. According to Babić, Tatalović, & Bajić, (2017) the airline industry structure will continue to change due to strategic alliances, outsourcing, and corporate acquisitions and mergers.
Dominant Companies in the Aviation Industry
By 2017, the region that had the largest market share was Asia followed by Europe, Africa, North America, and finally Latin America (Statista, 2017). In terms of companies, smaller firms are threatened with little prospects of having to survive in the market. The Emirates is the topmost aviation company that has been ranked highly current times. Qatar, Singapore, Cathay Pacific, ANA Airways and Etihad Airways follow this respectively. The various agreements and treaties signed by various blocs affect other non-member states an aspect that affects the operations of these companies (Bednarek, 2013).
Requirements of Building a New Aviation Sector
Building a new aviation sector requires commitment and enough resources. A team of professionals should lead the process and ensure the various mentioned components below are incorporated.
Initial planning
First, an initial plan should be adequately developed. In developing the plan, there has to be a thorough market research, choice of jurisdiction, market analysis such as operating base, capacity to meet nationality or other requirements to be allowed to operate, deep understanding of the relevant equipment and regulations with regard to aviation industry, consideration of tax, Employee availability and capital for paying staff, and publicity capacity.
There has to be the potential to embrace the acquisition and formation of the company to undertake recruitment process and the ability to undertake operations. The individual must have the potential to carry out promotions and be running advertisements to facilitate the launch of operations such as the passage of cargo for passengers. The potential starter of the aviation industry must be in a position to organize and prepare prior to starting the business so as to make the sales and distribution feasible. The tax and financial planning have to be completed in order to facilitate the start of operations. The person who partakes of the aviation industry requires imposing some measure that attracts more customers through incentives so that more stakeholders can come onboard to do their investment. In addition, there have to be sufficient procedures arranged in order to transfer charges with the other navigation authorities. Moreover, payment protocols should be in place in order to accommodate the needs of credit facilities.
Rights and licenses
All the relevant certifications and licensing need to be available in order to run the business smoothly as it ensures compliance with the laws of the land. One should ensure that a given designated carrier that is attached to relevant multilateral or unilateral organization in charge of air transport agreements.
Acquisition to assets and Rights
Before starting operations in this industry, there should be the acquisition of permission to land and take off. Thus, in starting the business one requires to reach an agreement with the airport authorities in different regions and countries to avoid unnecessary inconveniences. One needs to acquire the adequate and quality aircraft that can facilitate the smooth running of the business and ensure that the passengers get the value of their money. The individual requires to strike a deal with the maintenance firms such that the aircraft could be kept in good and safe shape for the customers. The owner needs to secure quality offices with full equipment in order to ensure that the processes of operation can continue smoothly. The owner requires to develop commissions and other plans.
Factors for Success in Aviation Industry
Achieving success in the aviation industry requires a robust business plan. An organization should be in a position to attract customers. The capacity to attract customers is based on the aggressiveness in the promotion and the type of incentives that are given to the potential clients. The extent up to which the promotional incentives operate determine the number of customers who will come onboard. The price of tickets should be low making the service affordable for the clients. In addition, an effective mode of managing the fleet of aircraft would determine the level of success in the field. An efficient setting where the customers are served faster realizes a large customers attraction as it shows good customer service. The people in management positions should act as role models for their employees. Managers should be in the forefront of providing customers with the best service. People prefer working within an atmosphere where they are appreciated and then they are treated with respect. It is important to note that the more the customers increase the more the business becomes successful. Being the leader in the industry requires staff working in harmony and with enthusiasm so that the positive energy can attract more customers.
Effective management of the company coffers is very essential in ensuring that the right sectors or departments o the company are fully funded so that misappropriation of funds does not occur. The capacity of a good financial management allows for all the aspects in the company to have room to benefit from the coffers gained. Moreover, a thorough analysis of the company with reference to other competitors allows the management to channel resources to the right course so that the company can compete favorably in the market. The streamlining of such situations enables the company to survive the market storm. The company should have a capable workforce which should elicit positive responses whenever attending to any client. The ability of the team to remain professional despite working in challenging situations and unpleasant customers could prove a keypoint in achieving success.
Political Influence on the Aviation Sector
The political factors affecting the aviation sector vary depending on the nation or region of operation. Among the major factors, include international trade, tax policy, war terrorism, disease outbreak, and competition (Mhlanga, 2017). Government officials of respective countries have the mandate to make laws that govern their aviation industry. Some countries pass domestic laws that do not go in line with the international trade. The conflicting laws impede the operation in the aviation since any contravention results in dire consequences such as prosecution.
At the same time, some governments impose exorbitant laws that deprive the entrepreneur of the marginal profits. Such laws only serve to paralyze the aviation industry via the taxes that kill the business morale. The high tax reduces the capacity of the company to sustain itself and hence may be closed down. The indiscriminate foreign policies such as the fight against terror, war, and disease outbreaks such as Ebola have a gross impact on the business performance. Some flights re counseled to some affected places and that affects the business negatively by reducing the performance index. Other governments formulate laws that are geared towards suppressing any form of competition. The laws restrict the free trade and transactions within a given territory and hence become the limiting factor towards growth.

Aviation Strategies
One of the aviation strategies is identification of the target market. Organizations should utilize data analytics to analyze, collect, and interpret the information which is crucial to sophisticate customer profiles. The information provides the rationale that helps in making rational business decisions. The analytics tools concerning the company provide the company with an opportunity to create a better customer experience in a personalized manner, rewarding, compelling engagement model. The second strategy is development of a clear-cut insight as to why a customer should choose your company. There is need to identify and develop the core values of the particular company. Managers in the industry devise ways on how one can enhance more experience on the side of the customers. The leveraging on customer experiences involves the provision of all the services rendered to customers on their cell phones such that they can transact forum anywhere at any time. Improved flexibly attracts and retains more customers. The third strategy is examination and determination of the competitors. A study on the way the competitor works via business models and analytics helps firms and individuals to maintain the good services and then be in a position to work on the weaknesses so that the company can be a step ahead because of the mileage caused by the availability of the information about their competitor company. The other strategy is focusing on market penetration as marketing and international branding give an individual the room to create advertisements in the new markets. The air chats services through the business-to-business promotions, programs, conventions, trade shows, consumer incentives, industry summits, email marketing, and, social media. Conduct press releases and improving sales efforts. Competitive strategy is quite vital in the process of strategizing and also via the competitive strategies. The strategy that follows is adoption of the right diversification model. One is at liberty to deploy the offensive and aggressive strategies of marketing which enables one to reach the market. Marketing that is defensive helps extend the life cycle of the market segments that are stagnant and that helps the various markets from shrinking. The final strategy within the sector is results monitoring. Companies in the aviation industry ought to pay close attention to details as depicted by analytics and other sources of that serve as the repositories of the individual companies. One should evaluate market results especially the by using the marketing performance metrics.
Oman Aviation Industry
For the longest time possible, Oman has adopted a foreign policy that encourages dialogue between Arab nations. The lack of involvement in the geopolitical dispute like the one Saudi Arabia was involved in helped Oman establish itself in a path of growth. The obvious beneficiary being the aviation industry in the country. Muscat played a critical role during the Gulf crisis as most people accessing the middle east countries like Qatar were required to use Oman as the first destination point. The country’s national airline is Oman Air that operates in approximately 50 destinations which amount to 25 countries. Oman Air was established in 1993. In 2017, the Oman airspace witnessed a growth of the number of flights registering 1,400 flights daily. By 2015, the number of aircrafts flying through the country’s airspace were 488,209 (Observer, 2018). Due to the changes made by the airline, it was chosen as the leading business class airline in the Middle East and the best Economy class airline in the Middle East. The airline operates to in London and Heathrow airport. The famous destinations for flights scheduled for the UK are Bahrain, Muscat, Mumbai, and Goa but Muscat has more stopovers. The “Sindbad” project serves as an incentive in boosting the customer morale. The nation’s Ministry of Transport and Communication formally established a new holding firm that would accommodate Oman Aviation Group (OMAG), the Oman Airports Management Company (OAMC), Oman Air (WY, Muscat), the Omani Shipping & Meteorology Company and the Omani Aviation Services Company including other firms. Among the restructuring reasons was to ensure that different departments worked in a coordinated manner for maximum benefits of the aviation industry.
Recommendations
The restructuring of the Oman Air is a step towards the right direction of ensuring the company opens the nation’s aviation industry to potential opportunities. One of the recommendations that the company might find helpful is expanding partnerships with the well-established companies such as Emirates in order to grow faster. By having agreements with globally known airlines will ensure Oman Air grows fast and learns from the best to avoid challenges. Secondly, it is recommended that Oman Air should adopt the model of a low carrier airline and hence reduce competition with the big firms such as Etihad. It would be critical for the company to adopt a model that is not common within the Middle East. It is also recommended that the Oman government should draft new legislation that opens up its aviation industry to international investors. Such a move will bring foreign direct investment while at the same time increasing the expertise within the aviation industry to take advantage of the available opportunities. Finally, the airline should choose routes that provide maximum benefits in terms of revenue. The customer service should also be enhanced for purposes of consumer loyalty.
Partnership
The aviation industry should partner with advertising companies such as Google in order to reach out to many people. Changing the business model and partnering with the right firms or individuals to promote the brand would definitely increase the fortunes of the organization now and in the future.
Conclusion
The aviation industry has evolved a good deal given the various discoveries that have been made in order to make the act of flying a success. Today, due to the recent innovations and technologies, the aviation industry will continue to witness many changes that will affect many stakeholders including the shareholders, customers, manufactures and the employees. This report has provided a deep analysis on matters associated with the aviation industry. A rich historical background of the industry has been provided in-depth as well as the competition factors and politics associated with the industry. At the same time, some of the services provided in the aviation sector have been explained in addition to the strategies adopted to achieve success or remain a dominant airline. The Oman aviation industry has also been explored in-depth and recommendations provided on how it can increase its fortunes.
PHD RECOMMENDED TOPICS
1. To investigate the past, present, and future of the Oman aviation industry
2. Middle East political factors affecting operations of the Oman aviation industry
3. Lessons the Oman aviation industry can learn from Dubai aviation industry

References

Aviation Human Factors Related Industry News 1Parts of this section are compiled from “Aviation Human Factors Industry News” and reproduced with permission of Roger Hughes. (2015). Aviation Psychology and Applied Human Factors, 5(1), 67-69: 10.1027/2192-0923/a000077
Babić, R. Š., Tatalović, M., & Bajić, J. (2017). Air transport competition challenges. International Journal for Traffic and Transport Engineering (IJTTE), 7(2), 144.
Bednarek, J. (2013). Open Sky: The Broad Range of Recent Scholarship in Aviation History. Mobility in History, 4(1): 10.3167/mih.2013.040109
DeLaurier, J. D. (1993). The development of an efficient ornithopter wing. The Aeronautical Journal, 97(965), 153-162.
Gaździńska, A., Gałązkowski, R., Jagielski, P., & Wyleżoł, M. (2017). ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE ENERGY VALUE OF SELECTED MEALS BY THE HELICOPTER EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICE (HEMS) TEAM. The Polish Journal of Aviation Medicine, Bioengineering and Psychology, 22(3), 12-17: 10.13174/pjambp.12.07.2017.02
Giacomelli, R. A. F. F. A. E. L. E. (1930). The aerodynamics of Leonardo da Vinci. The Aeronautical Journal, 34(240), 1016-1038.
Gibson, M. (2014). I learned (a bit) about aviation medicine from that. Occupational Medicine, 64(7), 545-545: 10.1093/occmed/kqu085
Mhlanga, O. (2017). Impacts of deregulation on the airline industry in South Africa: A review of the literature. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 6(3), 1-14.
Observer (2018). The growth of civil aviation sector in Oman. Retrieved from: http://www.omanobserver.om/growth-civil-aviation-sector-oman/
Oliveira, M. V., & Oliveira, A. V. (2018). What drives effective competition in the airline industry? An empirical model of city-pair market concentration. Transport Policy, 63, 165-175.
Paramonov, Y., & Tretyakov, S. (2012). Reliability of fleet of aircraft taking into account information exchange about the discovery of fatigue cracks and the human factor. Aviation, 16(4), 103-108: 10.3846/16487788.2012.753680
Plos, V., Vittek, P., & Jeřábek, K. (2014). Reports about Occurrence of Events with Effect on Aviation Safety. MAD – Magazine Of Aviation Development, 2(10), 13: 10.14311/mad.2014.10.04
Statista (2017). Aviation market size in 2017, by region and share of seats. Retrieved from: https://www.statista.com/statistics/591462/aviation-market-worldwide-share-of-seats/
Statista (2017). Employment in the U.S. aviation industry – Statistics & Facts. Retrieved from: https://www.statista.com/topics/4254/employment-in-the-us-aviation-industry/
Temple, R. K., Needham, J., & Biochemiker, R. (2007). The genius of China: 3,000 years of science, discovery, and invention. Rochester, VT: Inner Traditions.
Thompson, B., & Slader, E. (2018). The Wright Brothers: Nose-Diving Into History (Epic Fails# 1) (Vol. 1). Epic Fails.
Warner, A. G., & Warner, E. (2013). The Shahnama of Firdausi: Volume I. Routledge.