Case Analysis

Robust Airline Schedule Planning

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College of Aeronautics

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of

Aviation Law

Introduction

The construction of timetables for an airline is composed of aircraft and crew. Crew cost is the biggest controllable expenditure for an airline and effective crew assignment is a very important aspect of planning (Gopalakrishnan & Johnson, 2005). Wensveen (2016) defines: “airline scheduling as the art of designing systemwide [sic] flight patterns that provide optimum public service, in both quantity and quality, consistent with the financial health of the carrier” (p. 388). An airline’s decision to offer certain flights is dependent on market demand forecasts, available aircraft operating characteristics, available work force, regulations, and the behavior of competing airlines (Bazargan, 2010, p. 31).

Problem

The problem is that the airline scheduling process in its entirety is very complex. Flight scheduling is the starting point for all other airline planning and operations (Bazargan, 2010, p. 31). Airlines are faced with a number of issues that they have no control over (e.g., illness, weather, volcanoes, earthquakes, etc.). Adding to the complexity are human factors, cultural issues, political issues, and more. Vast numbers of rules and regulations associated with airports, aircraft, and flight crews combined with the global expanse of air traffic networks has a direct impact on the scheduling process.

Significance of the Problem

When a problem arises that has an impact on the schedule that impact can ripple throughout the airline’s network (Hamilton & Nilsson, 2010a). In some cases, a delay at a hub airport can have an impact on travelers around the globe. In 2006, the North American airline industry experienced a total of 116.5 million minutes of delay, totaling a $7.7 billion increase in operating costs. Passengers are typically unsympathetic to delays, as far as a passenger is concerned it is the airline’s fault. With advancements in internet ticketing, travelers readily avoid an airline with poor on-time performance.

Development of Alternative Actions

Alternative Action 1

Airline and railway modes of transportation should form an intermodal alliance (Iatrou & Oretti, 2007, p. 88). This would enable travelers an option to continue with their travel plans.

Advantages. Access to airports through dedicated public transport could reduce problems associated with road traffic delays around airports. Iatrou and Oretti (2007) suggest an intermodal alliance near airports for quicker access to and from the airport (p. 89).

Disadvantages. The absence of interconnectivity, where air and rail industries have different infrastructures without common rules and facilities (Iatrou & Oretti, 2007, p. 89). High-speed rail links to airports are not profitable in the short-term.

Alternative Action 2

Extend flight schedules by extra minutes to boost on-time performance (McCartney, 2012).

Advantages. Passengers would spend less time on aircraft (McCartney, 2012). Airlines will have fewer planes sitting at terminal gates awaiting connecting passengers.

Disadvantages. An aircraft departing late for a flight will run late for the rest of its flight pattern for that day, and delays can grow exponentially (McCartney, 2012). A flight off the gate late may find a long line of planes waiting to take off or may find that the gate is no longer available at its destination resulting in an extended wait period (McCartney, 2012). The alternative actions may be presented in table form (see Table 1).

Recommendation

Sequential airline schedule planning of aircraft routing and flight crew-pairing decisions are made simultaneously to minimize flight crew and aircraft operating costs (Hamilton & Nilsson, 2010b). The advantage would be quicker turnaround time increasing aircraft utilization. The disadvantage would be flight crews and passengers with less time to connect between their flight legs (Wensveen, 2016). 3

References

Bazargan, M. (2010). Flight scheduling. In Airline operations and scheduling (2nd ed., pp. 31-40). Burlington, VT: Ashgate.

Gopalakrishnan, B., & Johnson, E. L. (2005). Airline crew scheduling: State-of-the-art. Annals of Operations Research, 140(1), 305-305. doi: 10.1007/s10479-005-3975-3

Hamilton, J. S., & Nilsson, S. (2020a). Practical aviation & aerospace law (7th ed.). Newcastle, WA: Aviation Supplies & Academics.

Hamilton, J. S., & Nilsson, S. (2020b). Practical aviation & aerospace law: Workbook (7th ed.). Newcastle, WA: Aviation Supplies & Academics.

Iatrou, K., & Oretti, M. (2007). Once rivals, now partners; how? In Airline choices for the future: From alliances to mergers (pp. 59-90). Burlington, VT: Ashgate.

McCartney, S. (2012, June 14). The middle seat: Reality check: Why airlines are shrinking flight times. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from the Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Hunt Library website: http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.libproxy.db.erau.edu/docview/1020180498?accountid=27203

Wensveen, J. G. (2016). Principles of airline scheduling. In Air transportation: A management perspective (8th ed., pp. 387-416). Burlington, VT: Ashgate.

Expectations of the Case Analysis Assignment

The introduction should set the stage, establish the environment, set out the nature of the problem. You should consider that you are establishing the context within which your problem exists. You must have in-text citation to substantiate your introduction.

The case analysis assignment requires you to identify and isolate just one problem. This problem should be well developed, where did it come from, why is it able to exist? What conditions and/or factors caused it or contributed to it? Your problem statement is the common thread that you weave throughout your analysis, everything must be connected to your problem. You must have in-text citation to substantiate your problem statement.

The significance of the problem is the result of the problem not being solved. You need to indicate what will happen if your problem is not addressed or fixed. This is your opportunity to tell management they need to do dedicate appropriate resources to fix the problem. You need in-text citation to substantiate the significance of your problem.

Alternative actions are corrective actions based upon the textbook and/or magazine/journal article and/or other sources you are using. You need two alternative actions, each much have reason or rationale, and two advantages and two disadvantages. Here again in-text citation must be used to substantiate your alternative courses of action.

The recommendation must be separate and distinctly different than either alternative action. You should consider what you would do to correct the problem if you had unlimited resources. The recommendation must have reason or rationale, one advantage and one disadvantage. And, in-text citation must be used to substantiate your recommendation.

A reference list (in accordance with the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association) must be compiled based solely upon the sources you used to substantiate your analyses.

Table 1

Matrix Format for Alternative Actions

Alternative Actions Rationale Advantages Disadvantages

1. Meet existing Existing a. Reduces cost. a. Additional

requirements as requirements meet b. No layoffs. oversight.

Specified in Jacobs and or exceed FAA b. Government

Chase (2011). safety standards. waste.

2. Change existing Safety can always be a. Reflects a a. Takes a lot

requirement. improved upon. positive approach time to make

to safety. changes. b. Projects a b. Results are

“safety first” readily

philosophy. available.

Note. This example is intended to demonstrate how a table can be used. This example includes an in-text and proper APA table formatting.

Case_Analysis

Section 1 &”Times New Roman,Bold”&14 Case Analysis Rubric

Case analysis note:-

The danger in the hazardous attitude such as Macho, Anti-authority, impulsivity. Lead to the accidents.

You are limited to no more than four pages: Title page,  the analysis (no more than two pages), and the reference list. Be sure to submit your analysis as a Word document.

I recommend three to five sentences for each section, with exception of section four, Alternative Actions. The table format that I provided is a very useful approach to alternative actions.

Here are some lessons learned from Case Analysis One:

1. Use the case analysis template that I provided: it is set up with running head, page numbers, format, reference list, etc.

2. Be sure in-text citations are properly aligned with reference list entries. You probably don’t need more than three to four sources. You should have one in-text citation for each section. They do not have to be different sources. You can use one source several times. All sources must be cited in accordance with the APA, 7th edition. It is a good idea to bring the textbook into your analysis.

3. The introduction sets the foundation for your analysis.

4. The problem statement should be stated right upfront. Don’t expect me to figure out what your problem is, tell me: “The problem is….”

5. The problem statement becomes the central theme of your analysis. Everything must be attached to it.

6. After “The problem is…” everything else in the problem statement should tell me what caused the problem and/or what contributes to it.

7. Significance of the problem is the result of the problem. If the problem is not corrected what will result.

8. Alternative actions, are corrective actions, what you would do to correct the problem. Tell me the reason for your alternatives and then provide two advantages and two disadvantages.

9. The recommendation is your chance to fix the problem if you had unlimited resources. If you were Jeff Besos what would you do? Provide your recommendation, with rationale, one advantage, and one disadvantage.

10. Then, make sure your reference list is representative of your work.