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BUS230_Final_Version O1 (20%)

This document contains the questions and content for BUS230 Final Assessment.

TASK A. Read the following in-text citations.

a. Identify if the in-text citation is a Direct or Indirect citation.

b. State whether it is a Long or Short Quotation, or a Paraphrase/Summary. Write your answers on your answer sheet. (4p x 10 = 40p)

1. A growing body of evidence has demonstrated that effective internal communication plays a vital role in developing positive employee attitudes, such as job satisfaction (Gray & Laidlaw, 2004), identification with the organization (Smidts, Pruyn, & van Riel, 2001), and trust and organizational commitment (Jo & Shim, 2005).

2. Internal communication also impacts the development of positive employee–organization relationships. According to Means, “Technology supports exactly the kinds of changes in content, roles, organizational climate, and affect that are at the heart” of constructivist educational reform movements (1993, p. 1).

3. More specifically, understanding the mechanisms by which effective internal communication influences employee engagement has emerged as a key question in the corporate communication and public relations literature (Welch, 2011).

4. Sluss, Klimchak, and Holmes (2008) point out that although a myriad of potential exchange relationships exist within and between organisations, all employees have two seemingly preeminent relationships at work; one with the immediate supervisor, and one with the organisation. Organisational identification, based on social identity theory, is the degree of oneness with the organisation and has been found to be associated with job satisfaction, job involvement, turnover intentions, and in role and extra-role performance.

5. In fact, a Gallup Management study (Robison, 2012) found that engaged employees “are deeply committed to their employer, leading to key improvements in business outcomes, including reductions in absenteeism, turnover, shrinkage, safety incidents, and product defects” (p. 1).

6. Internal communication can be defined as “Communication which takes place within the boundaries of an organisation in the form of one-way, inter-personal, and non-verbal exchange” (Blundel & Ippolito, 2008, p. 11).

7. Social exchange theory offers a lens to explore social exchange relationships through principles of perceived support, namely perceptions of quality (Gersick, Dutton, & Bartunek, 2000).

8. In their review of employee engagement in the UK, MacLeod and Clarke (2009, p. 8) came across 50 definitions. They conclude (2009) that engagement is much broader than individual job resources:

We believe it is most helpful to see employee engagement as a workplace approach designed to ensure that employees are committed to their organisation’s goals and values, motivated to contribute to organisational success, and are able at the same time to enhance their own sense of well-being. (p. 9)

9. Dundon and Gollan, (2007) consider that the “perception, among employees, that their voice arrangements afford little utility, could be interpreted as a sign that management is untrustworthy” (p. 1188).

10. One of the key assumptions of social exchange theory is that workplace relationships are viewed as an exchange relationship, whereby resources are exchanged between individuals or groups (Cropanzano & Mitchell, 2005). Therefore, this research is underpinned by social exchange theory.

TASK B. The information for the references below have been given in mixed order. Using all the information given for each of the boxes, rewrite each reference entry using the correct APA format. (12 points)

TASK C. Below is a quote and the reference information provided in the box. Insert the quotation using a signal phrase. Use the correct APA format for the specific quotation when integrating it into the space given in the extract underneath (Titled “Your text”). (16 points)

“A manufacturer is not through with his customer when a sale is completed. He has then only started with his customer. In the case of an automobile the sale of the machine is only something in the nature of an introduction.” From page 21

Ford, H. (1922). My life and work. New York, NY: Doubleday, Page & Company.

YOUR TEXT

In this regard, the sale of a product was not simply the outcome and end of the transaction; rather, it signaled the beginning of the relationship. Importantly, many early organizations were owner managed, with the customer the ultimate arbiter of value.

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This relational focus was even more pronounced within business-to-business exchange, where cooperative relationships and reciprocity were prevalent from the early 1900s.

TASK D. For tasks D1 and D2, use the the Journal Article “A Possible Managerial Approach for Internal Organizational Communication Characterization” provided for you as a PDF in your Final Assessment Folder.

D1. Create the reference for the Journal Article using APA format. (7 points)

D2. Read the Journal Article and write a 150-200 word annotated bibliography entry in your own words, using the techniques covered in class. Write your answer on your answer sheet. (25 points)