· Answers for each questions should be roughly 100 words, or one paragraph, in length.

· Please write in full sentence format and use your own words. Do not copy or quote answers directly from your sources.

· A list of sources is required.

1. Summarize McCulloch v. Maryland (1819). Why was this an important Supreme Court case and how did it relate to federalism?

2. Describe the difference between layer-cake and marble-cake federalism. Provide at least one example of each.

3. What are enumerated powers versus implied powers?

4. How have interdependency and the federal government’s superior taxing power contributed to a larger policy role for the national government. Where do block grants and categorical grants fit into the trend?

McCulloch v. Maryland, U.S. Supreme Court case decided in 1819, in which Chief Justice John Marshall affirmed the constitutional doctrine of Congress’ “implied powers.” It determined that Congress had not only the powers expressly conferred upon it by the Constitution but also all authority “appropriate” to carry out such powers. In the specific case the court held that Congress had the power to incorporate a national bank, despite the Constitution’s silence on both the creation of corporations and the chartering of banks. It was concluded that since a national bank would facilitate the accomplishment of purposes expressly confided to the federal government, such as the collection of taxes and the maintenance of armed forces, Congress had a choice of means to achieve these proper ends. The doctrine of implied powers became a powerful force in the steady growth of federal power.